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The President of Bangladesh ((ベンガル語:বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি) — ) is the Head of State of Bangladesh, since 1991 elected by Parliament, and thus generally representing the majority party of the legislature.〔 In 1991, with the restoration of a democratically elected government, Bangladesh adopted a parliamentary democracy. The President is now a largely ceremonial post elected by the parliament.〔("Background Note: Bangladesh" ), US Department of State, May 2007〕 Since 1996, the President's role has become more important again. Parliament passed new laws enhancing the President's executive authority, as laid down in the constitution, after the Parliament dissolves. The President resides at the Bangabhaban Palace, which is his office and residence. The President is elected to assume office by the 300 parliamentarians in an open ballot.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.commonlii.org/bd/legis/num_act/pea1991216/ )〕 He continues to hold in office after his five-year term expires until a successor is elected to the presidency.〔 == History of the Office == The role of the president has been changed three times since Bangladesh achieved independence in 1971. At the beginning of the Bangladesh war of independence in April 1971, Bangladesh Forces and Bangladesh Government in exile were both established. After the oath ceremony was held at Meherpur, Kushtia, the government-in-exile set up its headquarters at 8 Theatre Road, in Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. The first Bangladesh President to take oath of office was Syed Nazrul Islam with Tajuddin Ahmad as the first Prime Minister. After the war ended, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman became the Prime Minister with the election of the first parliament. Later in 1973 under a new constitution, the set up began under a parliamentary system of government where the president was a nominal head of the state while all the executive powers were vested in the prime minister. In 1974, the government under Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman switched from parliamentary to a single party presidential system banning all press, political parties and activities under the State of Emergency. It was reverted to democratic parliamentary system in 1991 when Khaleda Zia became the first female prime minister of Bangladesh through parliamentary election. The President is the head of state, a largely ceremonial post elected by the parliament.〔 However, the President's powers have been substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government, which is responsible for the conduct of elections and transfer of power. The officers of the caretaker government must be non-partisan and are given three months to complete their task. This transitional arrangement is an innovation that was pioneered by Bangladesh in its 1991 election and then institutionalised in 1996 through its 13th constitutional amendment. In the caretaker government, the president has the power to control over the Ministry of Defence, the authority to declare a state of emergency, and the power to dismiss the Chief Adviser and other members of the caretaker government. Once elections have been held and a new government and Parliament are in place, the president's powers and position revert to their largely ceremonial role. The Chief Adviser and other advisers to the caretaker government must be appointed within 15 days after the current Parliament expires.〔() Bangladesh Government Information〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「President of Bangladesh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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